The Winter season brings different conditions and challenges to the airport environment. Just as different and detailed procedures for flight operations are required – so should there be for ground operations personnel.
In many parts of the country – winter means cold, ice, snow, and wind – and a lot of it. Even in the typically warmer areas of the country we can experience more significant weather extremes in winter. Especially during an El Nino event which is hitting the US smack this year.
Let’s talk about Snow and Ice
Snowfall and accumulation on the airport ramp are always a challenge. Signs are showing that some areas of the US will get much more than normal this year. Already, Anchorage, AK has experienced greater snow fall in two days since back in November of1964. Piling up a total of 26.4” in a few days with more expected on the way. Although snow and ice can be expected in Alaska, the National Weather Service is predicting more severe winter weather in most areas of the US this year.
Airport authorities prioritize snow removal from the maneuvering areas before removing snow from the ramp. This can create difficulties moving ground support equipment (GSE) around the airport. Creating walking pathways around aircraft can become difficult for ramp personnel.
The cycle of melting and freezing snow on the ramp surface around aircraft can make walking on the ramp one of the most dangerous activities that personnel can perform at the airport. A layer of ice on the ramp followed by a dusting of fresh snow is sure to lead to slips and falls.
Freezing rain creates a similar hazard that can adhere to steps, ramps, and equipment surfaces.
Most snow and ice control methods used off-airport (chemicals, salt, etc.) are employed on the ramp area due to the negative impact to aircraft such as corrosion and abrasion. However, there are a couple of things ground personnel can do to prevent falls.
Walk Safely on Ice….Like a Penguin
Yes, just like the flightless birds of the Antarctic, we should emulate their walking pattern on snow and ice on the airport outside surfaces:
- Bend slightly and walk flat footed
- Point your feet out slightly
- Keep your center of gravity over your feet as much as possible
- Watch where you are stepping – step down, not out from curbs or steps
- Keep your arms free and at your sides if possible
- Go Slow
- Wear ice grippers! Even penguins have built-in ice grippers on their feet
Ice Grippers or Cleats
There are many types and manufactures of slip-on ice grippers and cleats suitable for use on the airport ramp. Find a style and design that works best for you. Keep in mind that when going inside facilities or aircraft they may require removal. Pick a design that is most convenient for the activities or duties that you are performing. Some designs allow for the gripper to be rotated up on top of the shoe while inside and then moved down onto the sole while walking outside. The important issue is that they are worn consistently while working or walking outside.
Investing in ice grippers for employees pays dividends in injury prevention. The Centers for Disease Control indicates that the average injury cost for a slip and fall on snow or ice costs more than $30,000. Worker’s Compensation insurance carriers list snow and ice slip and fall claim costs between $33,000 – $48,000 on average. Some can be much greater when serious joints such as hips or knees are affected. This does not include the hidden costs to your organization of lost manpower and staffing costs, inefficiency due to loss of experienced personnel, and decreases in morale.
The $30-$50 investment can save tens of thousands of dollars as well as protect the safety, livelihood – even life – of your employees.
Effects of Wind
Wind, aircraft exhaust and blowing snow can reduce visibility on the ramp significantly when snow is present. Materials and GSE can be moved on the ramp from wind on icy surfaces creating hazards for personnel and damage to equipment. Wind chill makes colder temperatures worse for personnel. Proper clothing layers, including knit headwear, are important. The majority of body heat loss occurs through the head.
Situational Awareness
Colder temperatures affect personnel in many ways. Fine motor skills become more difficult. Loss of concentration can occur as effort to stay warm becomes a central focus. Frequent breaks into a warm environment where coffee or tea is available should be provided. Review of procedures and a clear head is important for situational awareness on the airport ramp. The good news is that winter will pass and we can once again become concerned with heat stress!
Key points – Proper training and equipment for winter weather….and Walk like a Penguin!
